Effect of yaw angle on aerodynamics of square inclined flat plates in ground effect

Aerodynamics of finite-span inclined square flat plates is experimentally investigated at a chord-based Reynolds number 50 000 in ground effect. The minimum height varied between gap ratios 0.1 to 1.0 chord lengths. All components forces and moments are measured using load cell for yaw angles 0° 180° an angle attack 30°. In addition, surface flow visualization planar, three-component particle image velocimetry used relate the main trends structural loadings changes development. results show that effect significantly modified by angle. As ratio decreased, relatively invariant suction side moderate increase total force moment driven ram observed less than 90°. Between 90° 120°, also insensitive variations, however, loading constant due absence sting placement resulted notable on both 120° 150°, obfuscating impact proximity. For above onset stall with decreasing leads decrease loading, becoming more pronounced higher angles. These may be utilized drive targeted designs photovoltaic support structures based site surveys wind direction clearances.